Notes from Tuesday, November 6, 2007

Laurie presented her digital story called "Mirror, Mirror."


Professor Foreman briefly discussed the class schedule with regard to the final project. She asked students if they could present their final project during the week of December 3-9, 2007.



Professor Foreman presented a PowerPoint on Gagne's Instructional Theory. To view the presentation, just click on the link located under week 11.


Gagne used the cognitive model, although he was from the Behaviorist school. The first event in his 9 Events of Instruction is to gain the learner's attention, thus recognizing that information must first engage with the sensory register. In addition, Gagne also understood that you must get to know the learner's background, so that you can create instruction based on his/her schema. Thirdly, Gagne used short chunks of information. He broke down his instructional design into nine events.


So far we've been talking about learning theory. Gagne is an instructional design theorist.


He is the one that put instructional technology into the mainstream. In the field, Gagne is considered a guru of Instructional Technology. After WWII, he brought Instructional Technology to higher education. His students graduated with the first degrees in Instructional Technology. His mentee was renowned. In previous days, who you studied with was very important. The mentor was more like a father figure, but not so much these days. Gagne wrote Condition of Learning in 1956, a seminal text in the field and he developed taxonomy.


Taxonomies of learning outcomes


Bloom (1956)

recall and recognition

comprehension

analysis

synthesis

evaluation


Gagne (1965)

verbal information

intellectual skills (five of these, you need to know them)

discrimination

concrete concepts

defined concepts

rules

higher order rules

cognitive strategies

attitudes

motor skills


In a job interview, it is not uncommon for your potential employers they would ask you how you would describe or define the learning outcomes for a particular intellectual skill(s).


Professor Foreman clarified the definition of cognitive strategy. For example, "how do good readers read?" They have their own strategy. Nowadays we teach strategy, in old days did not teach strategy. Teachers didn't focus on the "how." The didn't reach expert strategies to novices.


Gagne

One lesson may include all or one of the five from above.


Those five are types of knowledge

*Charted


Gagne's learning outcome is one dimensional. His students challenged his idea. They developed the idea of a matrix. David Merrill developed the Component Displaced Theory (CDT):


Y

use

find

know/remember


X

David Merrill

Fact

Concept

Procedure

Process

Principle


Chris cited the movie "Apollo 13" as having a lot of scenes with group procedural problem solving.


Gagne's theory aligns cognitive processes to 9 corresponding instructional events.


Instructional Presentations using Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction:

Brian

How to count from 1-9. He brought in Majong tiles


Chris

You will need a GPS device, a map and a compass. We're going treasure hunting! http://www.geocaching.com/


Todd

DNA is a cookbook.

Proteins are 3 dimensional specialized structural units that the body creates for construction, regulation and maintenance of itself


Juliana

Mandarin lesson. She writes the numbers from 1-10 in Chinese and in Pin Ying to help us with pronunciation and recognition. Begins counting in mandarin uses fingers and gestures to teach. Useful for ordering dim-sum


Yu-Fen

How to use recycled paper to make book covers that protect your books.


Angie

How to create a design portfolio. There are templates so that students can have a finished portfolio by their graduation: http://eportfolio.sfsu.edu/colleges.php These online portfolios serve as online resumes that can aid in finding employment as well.


Erica

How to draw Mickey Mouse, a step-by-step process of animation.


Joshua

Removing preferences on an Apple Computer. This can be useful if you want to reset an application, or if an application isn't opening.


Ken

He proves that he is 6 feet tall using creative algebra. He wanted to do the counting, but it didn't work.

A=b
5a=5b
6a=6b
a(5a=5b)
b(6a=6b)

5a² = 5ab
6ab=6b²

5a² -6ab=5ab-6b²
5a² -5ab=6ab-6b²
5a(a-b)=6b(a-b)
5a=6b, therefore 5a=6a, therefore 5=6


Sterling

How to refold a road map the right way. Hold the title panel away from your face, then fold title panel toward you. Keep title panel in your hand at all times.


Carlos

Differentiating syllables effectively. Does it take longer to count to 26 out loud or to recite the alphabet?

Homework
-----Make up 10 Question. 2 of each (fact, concept, procedure, process and principle)


-End of Class